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PCE2006
7th World Conference for
Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy and Counseling
July 12–16, 2006, Potsdam, Germany
Topic:
Specific Dysfunctions and Clinical issues
Symposia, Paper Sessions, Workshops, Round Table Discussion Groups:
- Symposium "Person-Centred Approaches in Medicine" (ÄGG): Jobst Finke, Hans-Jürgen Luderer, Marlis Pörtner, Lisbeth Sommerbeck, Holger Süß & Ludwig Teusch
- Symposium "Client-Centered Therapy of Adjustment Disorders" (University of Hamburg, FB Psychologie, AB Gesprächspsychotherapie): Astrid Altenhöfer, Eva-Maria Biermann-Ratjen, Jochen Eckert, Nicola Gorschenek, W. Schulz & Reinhold Schwab
- Symposium "Client-Centered Therapy of Bulimia Nervosa" (University of Hamburg, FB Psychologie, AB Gesprächspsychotherapie): Sigrid Laleik, Jochen Eckert, Melanie Schacht, Karsten Schützmann & Dorothee Wienand-Kranz
Samuel Antunes
Dr., Psychologist, Client-Centered Psychotherapist, Trainer and Supervisor at SPPCCACP,
Professor at Health Sciences Institute of North. Av. António Augusto de Aguiar. 74 - 1º Dtº, 1050-018 Lisboa, Portugal, Phone: +351 213540846,
e-mail: samuel.antunes@anf.pt
Abstract:
The effectiveness of Client-Centered Psychotherapy has been reported through various empirical case studies. The author presents his reflection on the effectiveness of this model, based on the therapeutic process of a client suffering from social phobia.
The effectiveness of this therapeutic approach goes beyond the symptoms reduction and the development of new competences to cope with anxiety provoking situations; indeed, its effectiveness resides primordially in the reorganization of the
client's perception of himself (self-concept), which in turn let him feel himself as able of facing, both past anxiety provoking situations, and on going daily life critical situations.
On one hand, becoming aware of his resources and competences, throughout the therapeutically process, has allowed him to increase his self-confidence, develop his self-security and his openness to the experience of facing the potentially anxiety provoking social situations.
On another hand, therapy has led him to perceive himself not as someone
"condemned to escape" but as someone capable of choosing,
"confronting" what he fears, and turn towards that goal. According to the client, the main benefit of this approach is rooted on the development and acquisition of the capability of facing challenges that can be overcome with success.
The therapeutic relation and the conditions which define it, are considered by the author, as the main responsible for this therapeutic success.
Ute Binder, Dipl. Psych.
GwG; WAPCEPC; Pre-Therapy International Network; DPTV (Deutscher Psychotherapeuten Verband);
Addr.: Böhmerstr. 13, 60322 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Abstract:
The main goal of the workshop is to show that in principle it is possible to understand the difficulties and the suffering of persons with schizophrenia. The main hope is to improve our empathic understanding and way of relating to persons who are desperately in need of constructive
inter-subjective experiences. We have to admit that we are still far away of a sufficient access to the
inner frame of reference in the experiencing of the tiresome, threatening and lonely states of
schizophrenic life. This does not exclude a basic optimistic attitude.
A characteristic of psychotic experiencing is exactly that understanding and being understood in a
shared space is not immediately and securely achieved. In this workshop we will try to find a connection between findings of developmental psychology and
developmental pathology and disorder-specific, schizophrenic ways of relating to the self, the other,
and the environment.
Because the topic is very complex I will give short statements and examples in order to let the
participants take part in my therapeutic experiences and to come to questions and discussions.
Jeannette Bischkopf, Freie Universität Berlin
Leslie S. Greenberg, York University, Toronto
Abstract:
The symposium aims at exploring and discussing the role of anger and forgiveness in psychotherapy as viewed from different perspectives. Some theories and approaches focus on anger control and on the regulation of anger while others see value in accessing and expressing previously unexpressed anger.
The first presentation (Marianne Tatschner and Kerstin Bednarz) will provide an overview on different approaches for working with anger in psychotherapy depending on various conceptualisations of anger.
Varieties of clients' experience of anger emotions as they occur in psychotherapy will then be discussed and illustrated using case examples and segments from psychotherapy sessions (Jeannette Bischkopf). Depressed clients' experiences are used primarily as examples of both arrested anger as well as anger attacks and will be described in relation to depression.
Finally, anger and forgiveness in the process of change in the treatment of depression and in the treatment of unresolved emotional injury will be examined. We will investigate whether anger is therapeutic in undoing the hopelessness and sadness of depression in people who have
"too little anger" and whether sadness is helpful in undoing anger in people who have
"too much" unresolved anger from an emotional injury and helps lead to forgiveness (Leslie S. Greenberg).
Barbara Brodley
Ph.D, ISPP – Argosy University – Chicago, 2400 N. Lakeview, #2701, Chicago 60614, Illinois, USA,
Phone: +1 773-348-2201, fax: +1 773-348-8787, e-mail: btb@dls.net
Abstract:
As a Client-Centered therapist and teacher for many years, I have developed a version of
Rogers' non-directive therapy and have influenced many of my students and readers in the USA and abroad. My approach is based on
Rogers' theory of psychotherapy, on studying many of Rogers' therapy transcripts, experiences during my years at the University of Chicago Counseling Center and my therapy experiences with all categories of clients. My approach noticeably differs from
Rogers' own way of working, being somewhat less disciplined, more flexible and more spontaneous than his approach. I believe my application of
Rogers' theory, my conception of empathic understanding responses, my values and my attitudes in therapy are, however, identical to those of Rogers. My approach also differs from other versions of non-directive CCT that are practiced in the US, (even in Chicago), in the UK and in Europe and Asia, as well as differing from many off-shoots from
Rogers' therapy that have incorporated experiential and other process-directive methods. Features of my approach include: consistent non-directivity, having no goals for clients; no role for an experiential process in theory or practice; spontaneous expressive behavior; rationales for answering
clients' questions and for other therapist-frame responses. I shall explain my approach in a short paper, demonstrate it with a half hour session with a volunteer client, followed by open discussion.
Ciro Caro García, M.A. and Carlos Alemany Briz, Ph. D.
Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid,
E-Mail: cirocaro@upcomillas.es,
Internet: http://www.upcomillas.es/personal/cirocaro/pceconference/cirocaro.htm
Abstract:
This brief workshop is oriented to facilitate the attendants to develop
innovative practices in their field, based on the Person-Centered and Experiential Approach. First we will reflect on the logic of the RDI model
(Research, Development and Innovation) as a tool to apply the PCE approach
to specific cases or problems. Later, some human processes where quality
can be improved or better outcomes can be achieved will be explored in relation to the needs and proposals coming from the participants. Finally,
a case example will be developed based on the previous shared knowledge.
Lorna Carrick
Lecturer in Counselling, University of Strathclyde, 76 Southbrae Drive, Glasgow G13 1PP, phone: 0141-950-3529, fax: 0141-950-3320,
e-mail: lorna.carrick@strath.ac.uk
Abstract:
This paper explores person-centered therapeutic work with people in crisis. This is an area in which there is little current literature, but one of considerable importance for person-centered therapists working in a range of clinical settings. The work will be based on both a comprehensive review of the available literature and in-depth, qualitative interviews with person-centered practitioners working in this field. It will look at both the issues that this work raises for person-centered therapists and also the unique contribution that person-centered therapy can make to this field of practice.
With respect to the issues raised for person-centered therapists, the paper will argue that therapeutic work with people in crisis often reaches a level of
"relational depth" at a faster rate than work with clients from other clinical groups. The potential increased dependency of clients in crisis will also be discussed. Another issue for working with clients in crisis is that there is often increased dissonance between self-concept and experiencing, and this highlights the importance of therapists engaging with all of the client's
"configurations of self."
The unique contribution that a person-centered approach can make to working with people in crisis is that it can help psychotherapists and counsellors to understand crises as an opportunity for change and growth and well as a period of psychological fragility. In this respect, it offers clients an opportunity to emerge from crises with real personality change: stronger and more resilient than they were when they went into the crisis.
Evelyne Chardonnens
Lect. Psychotherapist, University of Lausanne, Institute of psychology, Humense, CH-1015 Lausanne, Swisse, phone: +41 26 653 02 03,
e-mail: Evelyne.Chardonnens@unil.ch
Abstract:
Horses who are formed with "natural horsemanship" and living in conditions respecting his lifestyle are a very good help for the psychotherapist.
In our presentation we will do the link between Person-centered psychotherapy and ethology and demonstrate that this method contains the three Rogers main concepts: Positive regard, empathy, authenticity.
The client can found in the horse a positive regard without judgment on his problem or handicap. Otherwise the horse through his very sensible reactions,
"his empathy" helps the therapist to define more exactly the feelings of the client.
To be respected by the animal, the child or adult must be authentic because the horse needs somebody who is centered, present in the relation, to do something.
In the same time "natural horsemanship" let a big place for self-exploration between animal and client, in the same time the interaction with a so big animal is a powerful experience that gives more confidence. Through these interactions the person can see his limits: too much directive and the horse refuses to work, too much
"laisser faire" and the animal is going away. In our workshop or symposium with the help of the video I will demonstrate the special relation that we can elaborate in this form of therapy.
Ton Coffeng
M.D. Psychiatrist-psychotherapist, Opperbuorren West 1, 9216 VM Oudega (Sm), The Netherlands,
Phone: +31 512 372436
Abstract:
A client-centered/experiential approach is presented for clients suffering from trauma and PTSD. For those with type I trauma, Focusing helps to face trauma-memory. It can replace
EMDR or exposure. Steps are added to meet the various conditions of clients. Vignettes are given, and demonstrations. Clients with complex trauma (type II) need a more process oriented approach. Their therapy starts with a slow speed. It is based an Prouty's concepts and it fits to the fragmented experience of clients. Gradually, dissociative symptoms and memory-fragmentation decrease. Clients get contact with their bodily felt experience of the trauma. Focusing becomes
possible, to digest the trauma in small experiential steps. Other techniques support this process.
The second therapy, that of complex trauma is illustrated with videos, showing its different phases.
Author details: Ton Coffeng MD, is trainer of the Neth. Ass. of Cl.-c. Therapy, coordinator of the Focusing Institute, NY, and trainer of the Pre-Therapy Institute, Chicago. He coordinates a network of trauma & dissociation. He wrote about focussing, grouptherapy, grief and trauma, and produced videos. He is a regular guest-lecturer at the Univ. of Groningen, and has given workshops abroad.
Twenty years in pre-therapy (Part 1):
Aldo Dinacci
Prof., Psychologist-psychotherapist (Istituto di psicologia della persona), Via Longhi 16,
40128 Bologna, Italy, Phone: +39 348 5105103 Fax: +39 051 357368, E-Mail:
pre.therapy@tiscali.it
Abstract:
The pre-therapy's theory and practice turned 20 years. During this time, an international group of several
nation's therapist has grown: the following improvements have taken to planning an objective valuation method. In creating this test I must define the term
"communicative sign" as any valuation in the
client's state of stillness and/or motion that is correlated, immediately and chronologically only with the therapist. During the presentation the most significant and latest results of the pre-therapy technique will be shown and then we could talk about them. My patient Sergio lived in a psychiatric clinic since he was a child, he was diagnosed schizophrenic. When I started the pre-therapy with him, he was 45 years old, he completely stopped speaking and he compulsively kept his fingers into his mouth. The experience of the work with Sergio not only gave me the possibility to put in practice an experimental technique, but has enriched my interiority: I found joy for a sign or gesture confirming that he was interacting with me through his single words and his requests (for example: to have a sweet).
Elenia and Paolo: The rediscovery of the contact and of the word (Part 2)
Elenia Poli
Dr., Clinic Psychologist (Istituto di psicologia della persona), Via Emilia, 28, 40060 Toscanella di Dozza,
(Bo) Italy, Phone: +39 347 5645033, Fax: +39 051 357368, E-Mail: elenia.poli@tiscali.it
Abstract:
I am a clinic psychologist and I work on pre-therapy from 1999. The pre-therapy is a technique invented by Garry Prouty, based on the Carl
Rogers's principle of Empathy, conceived as an accurate understanding of the
client's phenomenological experiential frame of reference. It is an approach which helps the therapist to experience the
client's effort for reality and his affective and communicative efforts. It is a technique based on several types of reflection: situational reflection, facial reflection, body reflection and word by word reflection. The sessions are weekly and video-recorded. Paolo is a patient with an irreversible neurological disease and when I began the pre-therapy with him he completely stopped speaking, he was keeping more and more by himself, and furthermore there was evidence of disturbs that could evolve into autistic behaviour. The application of pre-therapy techniques obtained a relevant improvement: the most ravishing result is that he has resumed speaking. This person, at first shy and avoiding, slowly and at his own pace, opened himself under my eyes, and today, when I see him coming to meet me at the car with open arms, smiling with me and the other persons, when I hear him speaking, is such a great emotion that repays all efforts done and fills my heart.
Dirk Fiedler, Dipl.Psych. Antoninusstraße 5, 60439 Frankfurt, Deutschland, phone:
+49 69 587140, e-mail: d.u.fiedler@t-online.de
Wolfgang Bensel, Dipl.Soz.Päd., phone: +49 6858 691209, e-mail: wbensel@ahg.de
Abstract:
Starting out, the workshop describes the essential signs of the person-centred theory and its significance for the process of addiction. This includes, e.g., the role of self-concept and self esteem for the awareness of one´s own alcohol- or drug abuse. In addition it points out the influence alcohol has on the process of actualization of self, respectively the attempt of actualization of self by alcohol or drugs.
According to these processes interventions should meet the person´s self concept with respect and empathy. The purpose of the interventions is to take into consideration the specific disorders of the addiction, as for instance ambivalence, guilt feelings or embarassment. Person-centred interventions, as for instance motivational interviewing will be presented.
We invite the participants of the workshop to a role playing of difficult situations with their clients.
The language will be mainly German.
Gabriele Beate Fitzgerald
BA., MA. Dipl. Psych. Psychotherapy, Behavioural Psychology, and Cultural Psychology,
14 Waverley Ridge Road, Stirling SA 5152, GPO Box 3009, Unley SA 5061,
Australia, Phone: (08) 83392483, e-mail: fitzgerald@picknowl.com.au
Abstract:
The "Self" and its configurations during the acute stage of cancer, post-treatment, and as survivor.
"I like myself better than before". The term "before" refers to the time before cancer when everything changed as it was known. Health and well-being are not the same! What constitutes a good life, what can we gather from the experiences of cancer clients. Curious?
This workshop aims to facilitate a safe process for one"Self" to get a glimpse of what it would be like to face a terminal illness.
One"Self" is invited to see, feel, think and taste what the loss of health might entail. What challenges would the likely loss of a long(er) life in your sense of
"Self" or your client's trigger?
Following this process a group discussion will ensue whereby cancer as changing agent in the architecture of the fluid
"Self" serves as a guiding topic. The focus of the discussion is about health and well-being, how one does not necessarily include the other.
The discussion serves as an opportunity to share the knowledge of and about working with clients who are living with the shadow of a terminal illness. The disclosure of theoretical and practical insight is encouraged.
The sharing of personal experiences is welcome, not expected. The facilitator has no first-hand experience of cancer and is only able to share the knowledge she gained by walking alongside her clients.
Languages are English and German.
Heike Fröhling
Dipl.-Psych., University of Trier, Departement of Psychology, FB-I Psychologie, 54286 Trier, Deutschland,
phone: +49 651 2012894, e-mail: froehlin@unitrier.de
Abstract:
Posttraumatic stress as a result of coping with a traumatic event is a
well-known phenomenon. The statistic possibility for increasing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of trauma is not 80
% as people think in their lay concepts. The number of people creating the
symptoms of PTSD is up to 15 %, whereas all of them will feel (post-)traumatic stress.
How do couples go through a traumatic event one of the them has survived?
What can we learn from those partnerships while they are stable and divorce is not a result of maladaptive adjustment and
coping with the traumatic stress?
This qualitative study describes what couples can tell us about the changes after trauma. Do couples who where
recruited because of the fact that their partnership was the point of view
throughout they could find their adjustment to posttraumatic stress create
posttraumatic growth (PTG)? What do these couples tell us about their partnership as a variable of social environment for their one by one
self-actualisation after trauma? This study shows not only PTG for the traumatised couple. There is an effect of growth for both of them and
something that I feel is gracious, thankfulness. And because of the later
there are people who are able to guide themselves to their organismic valuing process as a part of actualising tendency throughout the
interaction with their partners. For counselling and therapy this means to
facilitate the social interaction ability of the trauma survivor and his/her partner or family.
Silke Birgitta Gahleitner
Protestant University of Applied Sciences, Ludwigshafen, Germany, Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen
– Schwerpunkt: Psychologie/Klinische Sozialarbeit, Maxstrasse 29,
67059 Ludwigshafen, Germany, phone: +49 621 59113-46, secretary: +49
621 59113-32, e-mail: sb@gahleitner.net, Website:
http://www.gahleitner.net
Abstract:
The shock at the serious effects of sexual abuse of children frequently leads to a focusing on the damage and wounds that result from early and complex traumatization. Above all, this pathogenetic approach makes it more difficult to develop psychosocial strategies for supporting the survivors in their search for positive ways of coming to terms with their experiences. My therapeutic practice in the field of psychosocial trauma had shown me from the start that the success of the professional support ultimately depends on the quality of the therapeutic and counseling relationship. In the last few years research on attachment has been focusing on practice-oriented investigations of treatment approaches on the basis of attachment theory and making its results accessible to practicing therapists. In my view this has closed a decisive gap. These research results provide me with a systematic model with which to describe my experience that patterns of successful interactions which already ensure a good interpersonal relations in early infancy are also an important basis for psychotherapy. I was later able to follow them up in a research study in which I carried out 22 biographical interviews with women and men who had experienced sexual abuse by someone in their immediate social environment. These survivors had coped with their experiences by assuming a wide variety of different roles, including the role of the perpetrator. I shall present and discuss the results of this research project, including some supporting examples from the interviews. The research project is developed out of a process of linking the different levels of my experience in research, theory and practice and lays the emphasis on a key quality seen as crucial for therapeutic work with clients with the sequelae of complex traumatization, that is, on the therapeutic relationship as a response to the experience of sexual abuse and abuse of trust.
Vortrag: Neue Bindungen wagen: Beziehungsorientierte Therapie bei sexueller Traumatisierung
Silke Birgitta Gahleitner, Protestant University of Applied Sciences, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Abstract:
Die Erschütterung über die schwerwiegenden Auswirkungen sexueller Traumatisierung führt häufig zu einer Zentrierung auf die Schäden und Verletzungen. Diese pathogenetische Sichtweise erschwert es, psychosoziale Strategien aufzufinden, die eine positive Verarbeitung unterstützen. In meiner mehrjährigen Praxis in Psychotherapie und Beratung machte ich immer wieder die Beobachtung, dass die Bewältigung sexueller Traumata entscheidend von einer sicheren Beziehung im Leben der KlientInnen abhängt. Die Bindungsforschung, die sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmend praxisnah damit befasst, Behandlungskonzepte auf der Grundlage der Bindungstheorie zu untersuchen und die Ergebnisse für die therapeutische Praxis zugänglich zu machen, bietet hier systematisch Aufschluss. Meine Erfahrung, dass Muster gelingender Interaktion, die bereits in früher Kindheit für ein gutes zwischenmenschliches Klima sorgen, eine wichtige Grundlage für Psychotherapie und Beratung darstellen, ließ sich dadurch besser systematisieren. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes biographischer Interviews mit Gewaltbetroffenen, die mit ihren Erfahrungen unter Einnahme verschiedenster Rollen umgegangen sind, einige davon auch in der Rolle eigener TäterInnenschaft, wurde die Fragestellung auf einer wissenschaftlichen Basis vertieft. Die Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojektes sollen - unterlegt von Interviewbeispielen - vorgestellt und mit den TagungsteilnehmerInnen diskutiert werden. Der Beitrag ist aus einer Verknüpfung der verschiedenen Erfahrungsebenen Forschung, Theorie und Praxis entstanden und legt den Schwerpunkt auf eine als zentral erfahrene Schlüsselqualität für die therapeutische Arbeit mit komplex traumatisierten Klientinnen und Klienten: auf die Gestaltung der therapeutischen Beziehung als Antwort auf den erfahrenen sexuellen und Vertrauensmissbrauch.
Leslie Greenberg, York University, e-mail: lgrnberg@yorku.ca
Robert Elliott, University of Toledo,
Jeanne Watson, University of Toronto
Abstract:
The theory, research and practice of this evidence–based treatment of depression, rooted in the Person-Centered approach, will be presented. A dialectical constructivist theory of functioning, which sees people as dynamic self-organizing systems in a constant process of reflection to make sense of automatically produced emotional experience, plus a theory of how depression emerges, will be presented. In addition a process-diagnostic approach to case formulation will be outlined. Steps in the treatment process will be discussed and research results comparing the process and outcome of PE and CBT from two comparative studies will then be reviewed with an eye to implications for treatment. The reasons for the findings that PE leads to deeper levels of experiencing and better resolution of interpersonal problems than CBT will be discussed. Finally a recently expanded framework of PE markers, tasks and processes will be discussed illuminating the role of relational, exploratory and enactment tasks involved in PE. Video demonstrations of some of the different tasks drawn form our work on the treatment of depression will be shown
Monica Gundrum, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, phone 016-32 58 77,
e-mail: monica.gundrum@psy.kuleuven.be
Abstract:
The "MCTI", an instrument to train therapists' ability to give metacommunicative feedback, will be presented. We will look at some short videofragments of clients and experiment with focusing-, body and other questions to sharpen our interactional barometer.
Giving metacommunicative feedback requires that the therapist can deal in a transparant way, at the right moment, with what lives in the interaction between him and the client, and hereby can express his version of the interaction. He needs to be sensitive for the appeal of the client, be able to access his immediate experience of the therapeutic relationship and get and get in touch with the feelings, images and action tendencies the client evokes in him.
There will be room for discussion and I will in short present some research findings over the instrument.
Participants can express themselves in English, German and Dutch.
Robert Hutterer
Prof.,Dr. phil., Institut für Bildungswissenschaft, Universität Wien,
1090 Wien, Garnisongasse 3, Austria, Phone: +43 (01) 4277 46790, Mobil: (0664) 60277 46790,
Fax: +43 (01) 4277 9467, E-Mail: robert.hutterer@univie.ac.at
Abstract:
This presentation is a critical exploration of differentiated strategies in client-centred therapy. The topic was controversially discussed at the last international conference PCE 2003. Some new and additional aspects are: (a) Rogers' thinking concerning this matter is characterized by ambiguity,
(b) The necessity for differentiated strategies is emphasized due to an increasing heterogeneity in client-centred therapy. Therefore differentiated concepts are more of an adaptation to manifold practical conditions and a result of an increasing heterogeneity in applications, clients and therapists than a further development or improvement of client-centred therapy. (c) The origins of differentiated concepts are found in difficult therapy situations, in work with difficult clients and severe disorders, and aim at increasing the effectiveness of therapy and overcoming limitations to
this. (d) Discussions of differentiated concepts are usually associated with question of effectiveness of abstract therapeutic methods rather than with professional success of practitioners. (e) Differentiated strategies can serve as compensation for limitations in therapeutic competence and promise success even in the case of insufficient implementation of client-centred core conditions by practitioners. (f) A differentiated strategy for the successful practice of the
profession of psychotherapy demands a "privileged position" for the practitioner: the freedom to live a psychologically healthy life, an economically viable situation with a flexible income,
"recruitment" and attraction of suitable clients (best fit strategies) and a secure position within a network of cooperative professional colleagues.
Gabriele Kluwe-Schleberger
Thüringer Traumanetzwerk-Zentrum, Ziegenplan 12, 98530 Rohr, Germany,
phone.: +49 36844 30833, fax: +49 36844 30834, e-mail: GabrieleKluwe-Schleberger@t-online.de,
Internet: www.thuetz.de
Abstract:
Personzentriertes Vorgehen in der Traumaarbeit sollte neben der Person des
Klienten oder der Klientin immer auch die des Therapeuten oder der Therapeutin
wie auch des Traumberaters oder der -beraterin berücksichtigen.
Zum Hintergrund: Aktuelle neurobiologische Erkenntnisse geben Hinweise auf
enge Verknüpfungen von Psychotraurnata und anderen – oft nur schwer zu be
handelnden – Erkrankungen. Sie sind damit auch relevant für präventive Psychohygiene der behandelnden und beratenden Personen.
Die richtlinienorientierten Verfahren – entweder zu strikt konzeptgeleitet und
konfrontativ oder aber zu wenig strukturiert – tragen eher zur Verfestigung
traumabedingter Symptome bei und sind nicht offen genug für psychohygienische Aspekte.
Im Seminar wird deshalb mit der Neurolateralen Imaginativen
Traumatherapie (NLITTO) eine – an neurobiologischen Forschungsergebnissen orientierte und
auf die salutogenetischen Fähigkeiten der Klienten abstellende – neu entwickelte
und manualisierte Methode vorgestellt, die auf diese therapeutischen und präventiven Zusammenhänge Rücksicht nimmt. Diese Methode erlaubt ressourcen-orientiertes Vorgehen sowohl in der Behandlung früh und komplex gestörter
Traumatisierter, als auch in der Prävention von Krankheiten, die traumagenetischen Charakter tragen.
Die Teilnehmer/innen lernen die theoretischen Grundlagen für personzentriertes
Vorgehen in der Traumaarbeit kennen und können sich so mit einzelnen Prozessabläufen vertraut machen. Die gewonnenen Einsichten können sie individuell
für ihre Arbeit mit ihren Klienten und Klientinnen und zugleich zur Stabilisierung
ihrer eigenen Ressourcen und damit präventiv im Sinne eigener Psychohygiene
einsetzen.
Die Teilnehmer und Teilnehmerinnen erhalten die Möglichkeit, eine der Übungen
in Dreiergruppen zu trainieren.
Mia Leijssen
Prof., University of Leuven, Faculteit Psychologie en pedagogische wetenschappen,
Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Phone: + 32 16 326073, e-mail: mia.leijssen@psy.kuleuven.be,
http://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0004551/
Abstract:
In my therapeutic approach I value an integration of different suborientations with the broad Client-centered/experiential approach. To begin with I work in a more orthodox client-centered way to facilitate the narrative construction of the client's life. I also introduce focusing micro-processes to help the client develop a healthy internal self-relationship. Interpersonal work takes the lead when maladaptive interpersonal patterns are hindering the relational life of the client. In addition I appreciate existential processes especially when the client struggles with the givens of life.
In this presentation I will use several vignettes from a short term psychotherapy to illustrate this integrative approach. The client in this case study indicated in her post-therapy interview that the most helpful event of her therapy was paying attention to her bodily felt sense. She also experienced the introduction of a time-limit at the start of the therapy as stimulating and hopeful.
Eamonn O'Mahony
University Counselling Service, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR3 4JB, United Kingdom, phone:
+44 1603 484873, e-mail: e.omahony@uea.ac.uk
Abstract:
The person centred approach affirms strongly the individual's capacity for growth. It encourages the person to trust in their own wisdom. In therapy the therapist avoids taking on the expert role and through creating the right conditions enters into a relationship where the client takes increasing responsibility for his/her own life. The environment becomes one of safety where the client feels deeply accepted and understood. For many people this experience is limited to the therapy room. For addicted clients in particular there is another arena in which they can attend to their emotional, physical and spiritual health – within the 12 step programme pioneered by Alcoholics Anonymous.
This paper will explore some of the similarities and differences between the person centred approach and the 12 step programme of AA. I will argue that in many ways the 12 step environment is a very person centred environment, embodying many of the attitudes and practices of the approach. It emphasises the importance of the group in the person's growth, reflecting Rogers' views. The 12 step programme places a strong emphasis on spiritual health, an area often neglected within the person centred tradition. I will argue that the 12 step programme is not only applicable to those recovering from addictions but has a philosophy of health that is applicable to all. I will also argue that both approaches can strengthen each other and wonder whether person centred 12 step groups could emerge as places of support and healing for individuals.
María Cristina Recasens
Olaguer y Feliú 2125, 1636 Olivos, Argentina, phone: +54 11 4797
2697, e-mail: mariacristina@intuilogis.com.ar
Abstract:
The method is about how understanding how our body image is constructed leas to overcoming eating disorders. Tree variables are integrated in this approach: movement, image and word.
The body image is a consequence of emotional language, of the way a person is treated by others, it is not verbalized, it is felt. Later this image is reinforced silently, until it becomes an idea of the
"self" which has ceased to be conscious.
This peculiar way of communicating produces in the body the same effect as if it had received the impact of
"bullets" fired by a rifle. The body "shakes" and "explodes" and splits into two regions: one that
"thinks" and one that "acts"; but the information provided by lower region can not be integrated with the capacity to think or act. Both regions have remained disconnected.
The emotions that this type of communications produces are the stored in a sort of back-pack which the person carries on his/her back.; when it gets fuller it bursts under different forms: compulsion, anger, binge eating, panic attacks, hipper activity or sometimes a trip into fantasyland known as ADD (attention deficit disorder).
This method shows us how: Identify distorting images, build a new image, support it during the day, find out our individual centre, go back to it, produce changes in relation with the body, translate those changes into actions that can be carried out daily.
Lisbeth Sommerbeck, M.Sc.,
Clinical Psychologist, Bornholm Psychiatric Center, Denmark, Gyden 14, 4370 St. Merloese, Denmark, phone: 57801160,
e-mail: kws@privat.dk
Abstract:
Two excerpts of dialogue will be presented that demonstrate the fluent shifts between the empathic reflections of client-centred therapy and the contact reflections of pre-therapy depending on the therapist's sense of being in or out of contact with the clients. Hopefully the presentation will stimulate a good discussion about various aspects of working with clients who have been diagnosed with one or the other type of psychosis.
Gerhard Stumm
Dr., Forum der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Personzentrierte Psychotherapie, Gesprächsführung und
Supervision (APG), Kalvarienberggasse 24, 1170 Wien, Österreich, Phone & Fax: +43 1 9796424,
e-mail: gerhard.stumm@tplus.at
Abstract:
Compared to other therapeutic approaches and facing the relevance of sexuality on a personal and social level the exposition in the Person-centered Approach seems quite neglected.
This applies as well to the person-centered theory formation in the scope of philosophical basic assumptions and also in regard to Personality and Developmental Theories, where upon sexuality is seen within the framework of the actualizing tendency, as well as in the theory of disorder, therapy theory and practice. Moreover, this can be expressed in the exceedingly sparse person-centered literature (noteworthy exceptions: for instance Teichmann-Wirth, 1992; Schmid, 1995; Letzel, 2003).
Reasons for this may be found in the biography of Carl Rogers, but also in specific strata, for example time and culturally layered background, when the Person-centered Approach has been developed. Nevertheless, in my opinion it is remarkable that such an important therapeutic approach in all those years since its foundation has paid so little attention to this topic.
The workshop is an offer to exchange personal and professional experiences in this respect, to reflect upon and discuss the reasonableness of the person-centered human image and the importance and specific consideration of this dimension in the psychotherapeutic practice.
Teresa I. Sztab
Dipl. Psych. PP, BDP, GwG, MEG , DGH, Hochstr. 7, 79291 Merdingen, Deutschland, Phone:
+49 7668 902040, Fax +49 7667 902043, e-mail: t.sztab@t-online.de
Abstract:
Giving way to dying – that is, perceiving and forming the interior and exterior room.
"Dying is the time between life and death." Dying is one of the great taboo issues of our time and yet it is the most certain thing in life. In contact with seriously ill persons, even therapists and professional care-givers become insecure and feel uneasy. Facing the reality of dying, feelings such as fear, anger and helplessness arise in an as yet unknown and often destructive intensity. The interior room becomes restrained and personal development of all involved is hampered.
While accompanying seriously ill and dying persons, therapists are faced with themselves, their own mortality and their fear. This fear cannot at this point be simply eliminated or subliminated, it must be approached and confronted to find a personal solution.
In any cultural or social context, people have an outspoken need for assistance and relief when entering a new territory.
I will present a person-oriented concept to the participants in which I emphasize the importance of hope and healing as possible realities. Death should stand parallel to these in a dialogue of equal value, in order to successfully conclude work on the interior and exterior rooms.
Reinhard Tausch
Psychologisches Institut III, Univ. Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg,
Deutschland, Tel. & Fax +49 711 8178800, e-mail: tjacheise@t-online.de
Abstract:
More recent research results within general psychology and neurophysiology enables us today to gain empirical classification and deeper understanding of how the remarkable and well documented changes occur through client-centered therapy.
For example: What kind of consequences arise from concentrated talking or writing about personal distress? How is anxiety reduction (desensitisation) achieved in the patient through which an increase of non-distorted appropriate thinking in the area of personal difficulties becomes possible?
It all leads to a well based explanation and confirmation of Carl Rogers work.
Furthermore, it becomes clear trough which additional possibilities and non-directive offers the positive changes in the patients can be promoted.
Vortrag: Welche Prozesse in Patienten bewirken die positiven Änderungen in der klientzentrierten Psychotherapie?
Reinhard Tausch
Psychologisches Institut III, Univ. Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg,
Deutschland, Tel. & Fax +49 711 8178800, e-mail: tjacheise@t-online.de
Abstract:
Neuere Untersuchungsbefunde der Allgemeinen Psychologie und der Neurophysiologie ermöglichen heute eine empirische Klärung und ein besseres Verstehen, wie es zu den oft erstaunlichen Änderungen in der Gesprächspsychotherapie kommt. Zum Beispiel, welche Auswirkungen das konzentrierte Aussprechen/Aufschreiben persönlicher Belastungen hat, wie es zur Angstminderung (Desensibilisierung) im Patienten kommt, wodurch eine Zunahme von unverzerrtem angemessenen Denken im Bereich persönlicher Schwierigkeiten möglich wird. - Es ergibt sich eine begründete Erklärung und Bestätigung des Vorgehens von Carl Rogers. - Ferner wird klar, durch welche zusätzlichen Möglichkeiten und nicht-dirigierenden Angebote die Änderungen im Patienten gefördert werden können.
Ladislav Timulak
Ph.D., Course Director, MSc in Counselling Psychology, School of Psychology, Trinity College,
Dublin 2, Ireland, phone: +353 1 6081489, e-mail: timulakl@tcd.ie
Abstract:
The presentation will focus on a possible contribution of person-centred and emotion-focused interventions to integrative treatment of anxiety disorders. First, the current status of treatment of anxiety disorders will be presented with the emphasis on integrative forms of treatment. Then few case examples will demonstrate value of person-centred and emotion focused approach in work with clients with anxiety symptoms. Specifically, value of empathic exploration will be demonstrated on clients with somatoform disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Furthermore, vignettes presenting the use of two chair technique when working with the clients with generalized anxiety disorder respectively obsessive-compulsive disorder will be presented. Learning from the vignettes will be used for a hypothetical theory formulation conceptualizing the place of person-centred and emotion focused approach in integrative psychotherapy of anxiety disorders.
Wendy Traynor
doctoral student at the University of Strathclyde
Abstract:
I will be discussing phase one of my multiple methodology study of the effectiveness of person-centred ways of working with clients who experience psychotic process.
My paper will discuss findings from a set of interviews with practitioners within Great Britain who have experience of person-centered practice with clients in psychotic process .I am gathering insight into their perceptions and views of effectiveness, ways of working, variation in practice, contextual issues and training and influences. This is a preparatory study which will lead to later stages involving the exploration of client perceptions and incorporate measures.
I will be summarizing my early findings and discussing my overall study, inviting feedback and discussion.
Rob Turner
University of Wales Swansea, Student Counselling Service MBACP (Snr. Accred),
Afallon House, Singleton Park, SWANSEA SA3 4AQ, Wales, United Kingdom, phone: 01792 295592, fax: 01792 295942, e-mail:
r.s.turner@Swansea.ac.uk,
www.swan.ac.uk/counselling
Abstract:
I propose to present a joint case study on a therapeutic relationship between a client and myself.
"Mary" discovered a previously disassociated self, hidden from her awareness. This is an unusual
opportunity to hear a therapist's and a client's perspective, as the client wishes to write up her
experiences and make them available as a part of my presentation. The disassociation was triggered in childhood by extreme forms of physical, sexual and psychological
abuse by one of her parents. Mary remembered having been abused after her daughter was abused.
Years later a young disassociated self emerged within Mary during our therapy. The young self had
awareness of the adult's experiences yet she could only communicate with me, outside of the adult
self's awareness, by using a process that involved the adult going through an altered state of mind.
At times it became necessary for me to act as an intermediary.
The paper will describe the creative processes that took place, led by the client, incorporating
methods of working with trauma which were highly containing for both of us, enabling the client to
work at the very edge of what she was able to experience.
I will use power point slides to illustrate the dynamics by building up two diagrams.
Greet Vanaerschot, Dr. Psychologie, Psychotherapeutic Center Anthos, Donkerstraat 50, 3071, Erps-Kwerps, Belgium,
e-mail: greet.vanaerschot@pandora.be
Monica Gundrum, Clinical psychologist, Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium),
e-mail: Monica.Gundrum@psy.kuleuven.be
Abstract:
In the workshop a video is shown of a therapy session with a severe borderline client. The video demonstrates how the therapist works with the client's excessive demands and anger. It illustrates how the therapist tries to maintain an empathic contact with the client while at the same time keeping authentically her boundaries.
After the video demonstration, some theoretical considerations will be given and there will be room for discussion. To lower the language barrier: questions or considerations can be formulated in four languages: Dutch, German, English and French. We will translate in English.
Jan van Blarikom
Psychologist, Emergis, Beukenlaan 55, B – 9971 Lembeke, Belgium, e-mail:
janvanblarikom@gmail.com
Abstract:
In A Beautiful Mind (Nasar, 1998) the story is told of a young mathematician who went through a remarkable recovery many years after his life was destroyed because of schizophrenia. This is not a unique case. Although schizophrenia is known as a severe mental disorder that ruins the life of many young persons, recovery is possible in the course of 10, 20 or even 30
years (Mc Glashan, 1988).
In this paper we will address ourselves to the following question: What has
"the person" to do with the recovery from schizophrenia?
This question is followed by several other questions. What does it mean to recover from schizophrenia. Is this recovery only a matter of a
"natural course". In what way can the person-centered approach facilitated the process of recovery. What about the
"rediscovery and reconstruction of an enduring sense of self" (Davidson and Strauss, 1992).
We will also pay attention to the following question: what is "the
person" or "the self" in the case of a psychotic disorder. Is it possible to separate the person from the disease or is that
"an unacceptable separation of symptoms from subject" (Estroff, 1989).
This paper is part of a larger project called person-centered psychiatry. Aim of this study is to put the person-centered approach back into the middle of psychiatry that is in the centre of the treatment of persons with severe mental illnesses. The person-centered approach might give us appropriate means to discover the beautiful mind of people with enduring mental disorders.
Literature
Davidson, L. and Straus, J.S. (1992) Sense of self in recovery from severe mental illness. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 65, 131-145.
Estroff, S. E. (1989) Self, identity, and subjective experience of schizophrenia: In search of the subject. Schizophrenia bulletin 15, 189 – 196.
McGlashan,T. H. (1988) A selective review of North American long-term follow up studies of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14, 515-542.
Nasar, S. (1998) A BeautifulMind. Londen: Faber and Faber.
Margaret S. Warner, Ph.D., Professor, Illinois School of Professional Psychology of Argosy University/Chicago,
e-mail: mswarner@ripco.com
Robin Young, Doctoral Student, Illinois School of Professional Psychology of Argosy University/Chicago,
e-mail: robinyng@msn.com
Abstract:
In our ongoing studies of my client "Luke" at the Illinois School of Professional Psychology, we have come to an interesting hypothesis: He sounds more
"schizophrenic" when trying to process new material in a way that requires a mental
"partnering" between right brain (or polysemantic) and left brain (or monosemantic) elements. And yet while he seems to have difficulty managing this sort of mental
"partnering" in normative ways, he still processes with considerable success in terms of
"metaphacts" – concepts that are a hybrid of the metaphors typical of the right brain and the factual logics typical of left brain thinking.
In this presentation we will consider our current (quite preliminary) data about this sort of mental
"partnering", what is know about the function of the brain from research in neuropsychology. And we will consider what this means about processing in general.
Maiko Yoshikawa, Graduate School, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-4-2 Kurieito #301, Munakata-shi, 811-4184 Fukuoka-ken, Japan,
e-mail: cp02014@yahoo.co.jp
Tatsuya Hirai, Kyushu Sangyo University
Shoji Murayama, Kyushu Sangyo University
Abstract:
This presentation will introduce a case study focusing on the internal process of a survivor who has broken her 60 years of silence about her painful wartime experience by participating in a support group and establishing deep relationships with other members and facilitators.
Okinawa was the only place where the ground war took place in Japan, and numerous civilians were killed during WWII. Survivors have lived with their inexpressible feelings stuck in their minds since 1945. Through several interviews, the presenter has realized that they really want to share their own wartime experiences and feelings with other allies as they grew old, but they don't have such opportunities.
Based on the basic perspective of Person-Centered Approach, the presenter has organized and facilitated seven support groups for them. Most of the members have been too painful to talk about and remember their unbearable experiences, and they had shut them deep in their minds for 60 years. Therefore, it took a lot of courage and time to decide to talk about their difficult experiences; however, warmly supported by other members, they could slowly release their frozen feelings at their own pace. The presenter will consider the meaning of their participation in the group and sharing their difficult experiences with other members. This group process will be illustrated mainly through the experiences of an 80-year-old female participant.
This presentation is linked to a "Round-Table-Discussion Group" where participants can watch videos of war survivors in Okinawa and discuss how PCA can facilitate world peace.
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