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PCE2006
7th World Conference for
Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy and Counseling
July 12–16, 2006, Potsdam, Germany
Topic:
Poster
Patrick Banuls
Trainer and counsellor in self-development of managers in firms and organisations. Working as independant for EM-Lyon, School of Executive Education and for Firms, Naval officer retired from the Navy - MBA INSEAD, Student in PCE at IFRDP – Dijon (France),
e-mail: patrick.banuls@free.fr
Abstract:
The aim of this conference is to show that self development is possible within organisations on a PCE mode. Along with job competencies, firms and organisations want to develop the transverse competencies of their employees and managers in order for them to be more efficient on projects and on transverse management and influence. The dream is to free the deep energies of people, to have persons working and progressing along with their jobs and have high level fidelity to the firm.
Men and women in the firms also have dreams. Being recognized and respected, have an interesting job, learn and progress in it, being myself.
Could we imagine these two dreams coming to reality? Could it be possible thanks to
"actualising tendency" of everybody and thanks to "rogérien" attitudes all over the firm? This would be another dream!
Questions then arise. Can a firm policy be centered on persons and on their development as persons? Could managers really be present in front of others, empathetic, congruent, accepting unconditionally the other? All this making the firm perform more! Could training benefit from a PCE approach for developing transverse competencies and also for the development of self?
Reciprocal demands in the relation between employees and the firm show mutual interests. Stemming from the study of this relation and of the personal and firm challenges, tracks are proposed for persons to develop themselves on a PCE basis. Firm and persons benefiting of that. Concrete examples will be shown.
Ciro Caro García, M.A. and Carlos Alemany Briz, Ph. D.
Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid,
E-Mail: cirocaro@upcomillas.es,
Internet: http://www.upcomillas.es/personal/cirocaro/pceconference/cirocaro.htm
Abstract:
The Narrative Assessment Interview (NAI) is a qualitative method developed by Lynne Angus (Hardtke and Angus, 2004) to assess
self-change in Psychotherapy. It offers an alternative or a complement to
standardized measures (based on normative data, psychometric instruments,
symptoms lists or psychopathological categories). The NAI is a protocol
– a brief semi-structured interview – that allows to "catch" if clients see
themselves different when their stories change in therapy, and how changes
are generated at the micro- and at the macro-narrative level of identity.
In this poster we share the experience of using the NAI in a Spanish
psychotherapeutic setting across three cases of Brief Process-Experiential
Psychotherapy.
Junko Kobayashi
Graduate School, Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan, e-mail: jun-7@mbm.ocn.ne.jp
Abstract:
In this presentation, the presenter introduces a "sense of distance to the
problem," a key concept in the practice of Focusing . A "sense of distance to the
problem" is defined as a sense of distance between the focuser and the problem described in the Focusing session.
Based on her own experiences as a focuser and a listener, the presenter hypothesized that the important aspect of Focusing is to experience an appropriate distance between the focuser and the problem. During the Focusing process, the focuser and the listener often work together to find this appropriate distance to the problem, and the presenter assumes that new felt-sense or shift would be experienced by the focuser if he/she could experientially find an appropriate distance to the problem.
Furthermore, the presenter contends that the focuser's experience of appropriate distance to the problem enables the focuser to 1) clarify the relationship between the focuser and the problem, 2) make it easer to deal with the problem and accept it. The role and significance of this
"sense of distance to the problem" will be further described through case studies during the presentation.
Eszter Monigl, Dipl. Psych., Pädagogische Hochschule, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Institut für Humanwissenschaften, Oberbettringerstr. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd,
Germany, phone: +49 7171 983285, fax: +49 7171 983371, e-mail: eszter.monigl@ph-gmuend.de
Michael Behr
Nicole Jakob
Abstract:
Recent research has shown that emotional competence has an influence on children’s social interaction and plays a crucial role in the learning process as a whole. With regard to the support of self-controlled learning these findings should be very useful. It is, however, necessary to gain precise information concerning the children’s emotional development and abilities. Currently this is only possible in German-speaking countries when a number of different tests are used. The objective of this research is to develop a multi-dimensional test examining children’s and adolescents’ emotional competence and which can be used for both diagnostic purposes as well as for the evaluation of different types of intervention.
The interrelation between three different sub-constructs (cognitive perspective taking, decoding abilities and affective response) was determined by using a correlation analysis examining data obtained from pupils in grades 3 to 9 (N=433, age M=13.0, s=1.8). The intercorrelation scores obtained for the subscales contradict Feshbach’s (1983) Three-Components-Model of Empathy as an ability defined by these three sub-constructs. Affective response appears to differ greatly from the other two constructs. The results of further analyses indicated a significant correlation between the sub-constructs and anxiety.
Yuko Morikawa, PhD and Hideaki Fukumori, MD
Kyusyu Sangyo University, Institute of Health Science, Kyusyu University, Japan,
e-mail: morikawa@ip.kyusan-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Focusing manner and mental health. The Focusing Manner Scale(FMS) which measures the Focusing attitude in daily Life was administered, and mental health state was measured by the GHQ60 The General Health Questionnaire. Subjects were 116 University students. Factor analysis of FMS identified three dimensions of Focusing Manner, and internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha a = 0.826. The results show that the FMS negatively correlates with those scales of the GHQ= -.395, P<001. It showed that Focusing ability was correlated with mental health.
Then to verify whether studying Focusing improves mental health, the program for Focusing inexperience persons was executed. The program included seven sessions, putting one week. Subjects were ten people. Participants were requested to filling in to FMS and GHQ60 before beginning the first session, the third,fifth, seventh sessions, and three weeks after the end of program. No significant differences were detected, but, on numerical value, the tendency rising of FMS score and the descent of GHQ60 score were seen.
It is concluded that learning Focusing could contribute with mental health. This theme is required to increase the subject and to verify further.
Koji Nagano, Otemongakuin University
Hideaki Fukumori, Kyushu University
Abstract:
In this presentation, the presenters illustrate a teaching approach of Focusing in Japan, and examine its process through Japanese qualitative research method. A small group Focusing workshop was designed for Japanese undergraduate and graduate students who were all beginners of Focusing. The purpose of this workshop was to teach Focusing techniques and attitudes to them. The results of post-session questionnaires showed that the degree of participants' satisfaction was high. Post-session survey was analyzed by the KJ-method, a Japanese qualitative research method developed by Kawakita (1967), and four categories were identified regarding satisfaction of the Focusing workshop. Those categories were:
- positive atmosphere and mutual relationship among members and staffs
- acquiring Focusing skills and technique
- positive feelings for the workshop
- request for further learning opportunities.
Based on this research, a hypothesis was developed that the warm positive atmosphere in the workshop promoted learning of Focusing, resulting in participants' positive feelings and their needs for doing Focusing again. It was indicated that the warm positive atmosphere correlates with other elements of the workshop, such as the structure of the program and staffs' attitudes.
Mariko Nakano
Clinical psychologist of Wakasugien, Japan, e-mail: pearlmax@mx5.canvas.ne.jp
Abstract:
In Japan, medical checkup of infants has improved every year in the last decades. This checkup is applied in every region to infants several times before they enter the primary school. These tests help us find children with difficulties such as: development disorder, abuse etc. We then apply systems to make their growths and lives easier and comfortable. One of them would be to introduce them to outpatient settings like preschool.
Parents of children with developmental disorders commonly try to reject the fact that their children have such disorders. One of the therapists’ roles is to understand their feelings empathically, which I believe is the first step for helping them to accept the fact and find hope in their life with the children. I would like to introduce the way of this outpatient setting with some examples.
Dagmar Nuding, Stud. paed., University of Education, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Department of Psychology, Oberbettringer Straße 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd,
Germany, phone: +49 7171 983433, e-mail: dagmar.nuding@gmx.net
Gernot Aich, Dipl. paed.
Michael Behr, Prof. Dr.
Abstract:
In a qualitative analysis 20 teachers and 20 representatives of parents are surveyed with a semistructured interview concerning their needs and problems in a parent-teacher-conference and different forms of the parent school relationship.
The study focuses on following contents: favourable conditions in the course of conversations, problem orientated strategies in the process of communication, conflicts of power between parents and teachers, influences of the framework and the initiative of communication in the course of the parent teacher conference. The data interpretation is done with the method of
"qualitative content analysis" according to Mayring.
First results have shown that it would be a need of teachers to improve both their communication skills concerning problem orientated strategies as well as their person centered expertise concerning the setting of parent-teacher-conferences.
Liliana Pereira & Joana Soares
Students of Portuguese Society the Psychotherapy Client Centred and Clinics Psychologists,
e-mail: Lilianapintopereira@portugalmail.pt
and joanaluzsoares@gmail.com
Abstract:
In this paper, the authors describe the main aspects of their clinical experience with an adolescent that exhibited a distorted self-image that compromises her way of being with herself and the others, mainly because of the obsessive thoughts she used as a barrier against the world. The core conditions of acceptance and unconditional positive regard developed in the therapeutic process have facilitated the psychological change that triggered client’s self-concept affirmation and, consequently her adaptative self-development.
Considering Mary's request for help, in order to deal better with her anxiety, we have begun exploring her life’s history regarding the development of her disorder. In a second stage, we
have focused ourselves on the understanding of her personal set of references through the consolidation of a reliable therapeutic relationship, trying to understand the perception she had of reality, which transported her to an incongruent way of being. In this way, her self-concept is different from the image others have of her, compromising her interpersonal relationships and causing a great emotional suffering.
We have considered the conceptual model of client-centered psychopathology, regarding the neueurotic structure of personality, in order to contextualize
Mary's problem and draw a psychotherapeutic intervention plan. To break her massive defences, which obstructed her communication channels and distanced herself from her organismic self, we have applied to the centered relaxation to improve the contact with her body sensations, broaden her awareness, giving her another perspective of her experience.
In this way, we have provided the therapeutical change through the creation of the conditions that lead to a bigger congruence, self-acceptance and openness to experience.
Martina Rapp
Dipl.Psych., Rue Principale 4b, F-67480 Kauffenheim, E-Mail: Rapp@fischer-haus.de
Abstract:
The study proofs the efficiency of client centred psychotherapy in the treatment of patients with the diagnosis of alcoholism. On the basis of the Model of Differential Incongruence (DIM) by Speierer specific methodically and decease-specific formulated Hypotheses were proved. The testing of the hypotheses was translated by a prä-post control-group-design with a katamnestic investigation. The decrease of incongruence by the means of reduction of suffering caused by the sources of incongruence and the decrease of symptoms of incongruence was examined, the increase of congruent experiences and also the increase of self sufficiency, ability to tolerate incongruences and the ability to deal with incongruences. The decrease of experiencing feelings of insufficiency, symptoms of psychiatric comorbidity and the extent of drinking as decease-specific variables of alcoholism were also investigated. After 4-6 months of katamnestic period, abstinence or extent of drinking, reduction of relapse and effects of the treatment were investigated once more. The period of treatment of the patients and the time between the testing of the patients of the control-group also was 4-6 months. From N=32 alcoholics under the condition of client-centred treatment in the beginning of the study, there were N=23 patients left with complete data of therapy and katamnestic information of the three times of interrogation. The results were compared with those of a control-group of N=29 alcoholics. The control group existed in patients non-treated, living in three institutions working according to § 67 SGB XII. From the control-group N=24 patients could be interviewed over the whole period of 4-6 months. Instruments of investigation were the Regensburg Incongruence Analysis Inventory of Speierer (RIAI) and the Symptom-Checklist of Derogatis (SCL-90-R), also a questionnaire asking about relapses and modus of drinking during the 4-6 months. The results of the study prove the efficiency of client-centred treatment: A decrease of incongruence, increase of congruence, decrease of experiences of insufficency and also the decrease of psychopathological and symptom suffering of the patients after client-centred treatment but not of the patients of the control-group could be proved. The patients after client-centred treatment also showed a reduction of drinking/higher rate of abstinent patients after the katamnestic period.
Poster: Zur Wirksamkeit der Gesprächspsychotherapie in der stationären Alkoholentwöhnungsbehandlung: Eine kontrollierte
Studie
Abstract:
Die Studie beinhaltet eine Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung der Gesprächspsychotherapie in der Behandlung alkoholkranker Patienten. Ausgehend vom differenziellen Inkongruenzmodell von Speierer wurden methoden- und störungsspezifisch formulierte Hypothesen überprüft. Die Prüfung der Hypothesen erfolgte in einem prä-post Kontrollgruppendesign mit katamnestischer Befragung. Es wurde die Abnahme von Inkongruenz im Sinne einer Verringerung der Belastung durch Inkongruenzquellen sowie eine Verringerung der Inkongruenzsymptome untersucht, die Zunahme von kongruenten Erfahrungen als auch eine Zunahme von Selbstvertrauen, Inkongruenztoleranz und Fähigkeiten zur Inkongruenzbewältigung. Die Abnahme von Insuffizienzerleben, Komorbiditätssymptomen und Trinkmenge als störungsspezifische Variable in Bezug auf die Alkoholabhängigkeitserkrankung wurde erfasst. Nach einem Katamnesezeitraum von 4-6 Monaten wurden Abstinenz bzw. Trinkmenge, Rückfallverringerung und Behandlungseffekte überprüft. Der Behandlungs- bzw. Beobachtungszeitraum betrug ebenfalls 4-6 Monate. Von den N=32 teilnehmenden Patienten konnten die Therapie- und Katamneseverläufe von N=23 Patienten zu allen drei Zeitpunkten erhoben werden. Diese wurden mit einer Kontrollgruppe von N=29 Alkoholpatienten aus drei Einrichtungen nach § 67 SGB XII verglichen, die sich keiner gesprächspsychotherapeutischen Behandlung unterzogen. Von diesen konnten N=24 Patienten über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum hinweg befragt werden. Als Untersuchungsinstrumente wurden das Regensburger Inkongruenzanalyse Inventar von Speierer (RIAI) und die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis (SCL-90-R) eingesetzt, sowie ein Rückfallfragebogen zur Überprüfung des Trinkverhaltens. Die Ergebnisse der Studie belegen die Wirksamkeit der gesprächspsychotherapeutischen Behandlung: Eine Abnahme der Inkongruenz, Zunahme der Kongruenz, die Abnahme des Insuffizienzerlebens sowie der psychopathologischen und leitsymptomatischen Gesamtbelastung in der Behandlungsgruppe, nicht aber bei den Patienten der Kontrollgruppe. Die Gesprächspsychotherapiepatienten zeigten außerdem über das Behandlungsende hinaus eine längerfristige Verringerung des Alkoholkonsums.
Katja Rück and Jeannette Bischkopf
Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin,
Germany, e-mail: bischk@zedat.fu-berlin.de,
Internet: www.fu-berlin.de/psychologie/klinische
Abstract:
The aim of the current study is to explore the subjective experience in an art therapeutic setting on a micro-process level. Art therapy research has focused primarily on the interpretation of the therapies’ product. Little emphasis has been placed on the client’s moment-to-moment experience of the therapy. Six healthy volunteers took part in an analogue study that was conducted by the first author; a qualified art therapist. Each participant was seen individually. After a relaxation instruction participants were asked to draw a painting using a number of materials that were made available. The process of drawing was video-taped and participants were then interviewed about their experiences applying a modified Change Interview (Elliott, 1996) after the session. Furthermore, participants were asked to identify significant moments using a video-assisted Brief Structured Recall. In addition, they rated changes in their emotional experiences as positive, negative or neutral on a scale ranging from -5 to +5. Thus, the emotional process of drawing as recalled by the participants could be represented by a graph. In general, the process of drawing can be understood as a complex form of self-communication involving cognitive and emotional aspects. Significant moments were most often those which participants had rated most positive on the graph. Using a case example the three sources of data (drawing, interview, graphs) and their analyses will be presented. A discussion of implications of the results for working experientially in art therapy will be provided.
Roelf J. Takens, Dr., associate professor, dept. Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
V.d. Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Phone: +31 (20) 598 8768, Fax: +31 (20) 598 8758,
E-Mail: rj.takens@psy.vu.nl,
Website: www.psy.vu.nl/u/rj.takens
Corrie Beumer
Marieke Molenaar
Abstract:
This conference focuses on ideas about psychological health, the fully functioning person, etc. In humanistic psychology the self-actualizing tendency of the person is a central notion. What is exactly meant by this concept, how it is defined and how can it be measured?
In our research we used Shostrom’s Personal Orientation Inventory for measuring the main aspects of self-actualization: time competence and inner-directed support, and to contrast it with scales measuring ‘neuroticism’, psychosomatic complaints, etc. Comparisons were made with concepts of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Factor-analyses were carried out with regard to the 10 subscales of the POI: Self-actualizing values, Existentiality, Feeling reactivity, Spontaneity, Self-regard, Self-acceptance, Nature of Man, Synergy, Acceptance of aggression, and Capacity for intimate contact.
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